|
   |
| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
|
|
|
| Year : 2011 | Volume
: 48
| Issue : 1 | Page : 55-59 |
| |
Spirituality, distress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer
A Kandasamy, SK Chaturvedi, G Desai
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560 029, India
| Date of Web Publication | 10-Feb-2011 |
Correspondence Address:
A Kandasamy
Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560 029
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0019-509X.75828
Objective: To study the influence of spiritual well being (Sp WB) on symptoms of distress, depression, and other dimensions of quality of life in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional in nature. Fifty patients with advanced cancer from a hospice were assessed with the following instruments: the visual analog scale for pain (VAP), M.D. Anderson symptom inventory (MDASI), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), Functional assessment of cancer therapy - Palliative Care (FACT-pal), and Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being (FACIT-sp). We studied the correlations between spirituality and other variables on these scales. Results: Depression and anxiety were negatively correlated with spiritual well-being (Sp WB). Sp WB was significantly correlated with fatigue (r = -0.423, P = 0.002), symptom distress (r = -0.717, P < 0.001), memory disturbance (r = -0.520, P < 0.001), loss of appetite (r = -0.399, P = 0.004), drowsiness (r = -0.400, P = 0.004), dry mouth (r = -0.381, P = 0.006), and sadness (r = -0.720, P < 0.001). Sp WB was positively correlated with all the other aspects of QOL measures. Predictors such as palliative care well-being (t = 2.840, P = 0.008), distress (t = -2.582, P = 0.015), sadness (t = -2.765, P = 0.010), mood (t = 2.440, P = 0.021), and enjoyment in life (t = -3.586, P = 0.001) were significantly correlated with Sp WB, after regression analysis. Conclusions: This study suggests that spiritual well being is an important component of the quality of life of advanced cancer patients, and is closely related to the physical and psychological symptoms of distress. It should be addressed appropriately and adequately in palliative care settings.
Keywords: Advanced cancer, spirituality, spiritual well being, quality of life, depression, symptom distress
How to cite this article:
Kandasamy A, Chaturvedi S K, Desai G. Spirituality, distress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Indian J Cancer 2011;48:55-9 |
How to cite this URL:
Kandasamy A, Chaturvedi S K, Desai G. Spirituality, distress, depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with advanced cancer. Indian J Cancer [serial online] 2011 [cited 2022 Sep 28];48:55-9. Available from: https://www.indianjcancer.com/text.asp?2011/48/1/55/75828 |
| » Introduction | |  |
Spirituality has been defined as, 'An inherent quality of all human beings that drives the search for meaning and purpose in life, involves relationships with oneself, others, and a transcendent dimension.' [1] Quality of life (QOL) is believed to include a spiritual dimension as well. Of late, there has been increased interest in the relationship between spiritual needs, spiritual well-being, physical health, and mental well-being, in individuals who are diagnosed with advanced cancer. There is a growing realization that the spiritual needs, spiritual distress, and spiritual well-being of end-stage cancer patients and other individuals diagnosed with terminal illnesses can significantly affect their QOL. [2],[3]
Many research studies have concluded that religiosity, specifically intrinsic religiosity, has a positive association with psychological health. Several researchers have also demonstrated that higher levels of spiritual well-being are associated with lower levels of psychological distress variables, such as, depression, hopelessness, desire for hastened death, and suicidal ideation among severely ill patients receiving palliative care. [3]
In a study of 100 patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer, patients ranked faith in God just beneath their oncologists' recommendations, as the most important factor in their decisions about treatment.[4] Another cross-sectional study on advanced cancer patients found that spiritual well-being was correlated with quality-of-life measures. [5] Similarly, patients in a palliative care hospital reported end-of-life despair if they also reported low spiritual well-being. [6] A needs assessment survey of outpatients with cancer found that many reported unmet spiritual needs, including 40% wanting help in 'finding meaning in life,' 42% in 'finding hope,' and 51% in 'overcoming fears.' [7] Peace of mind, spiritual satisfaction, and social satisfaction were considered to be very important in nearly two-thirds of the cancer patients. [8] However, the spiritual needs of patients with advanced cancer have not been systematically studied.
In view of the all that was mentioned earlier, we undertook the task of assessing how spiritual well-being (Sp WB) is associated with distressing symptoms, anxiety, and depression, in advanced cancer patients. We also studied the influence of spirituality on other dimensions of QOL.
| » Materials and Methods | | |
This study was descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. The study sample was recruited from in-patients in a hospice and palliative care center catering to the needs of cancer patients. All the subjects in the study group were diagnosed with advanced cancer (no further curative treatments were available), including all forms and types of cancers. All consecutive admissions in the wards were recruited over a period of three months. On an average, the assessments were done one week after the admission to the hospice. The sample included patients above 16 years of age of both genders, who were cooperative and communicative for the interview. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients. Those who had alcohol or other substance abuse or dependence, a past history of major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, or any neurological disorder were excluded. The study protocol was approved by the Institute's Ethics Committee. The study sample was assessed using the following instruments.
- Visual analog scale for pain - This scale consists of readings from 0 to 10 wherein '0' corresponds to no pain and '10' to the worst pain imaginable. Subjects are instructed to indicate the pain experienced most of the time in the previous week along the scale. The validity and sensitivity of this scale have been documented by earlier workers in cancer patients with pain. [9],[10]
- M.D. Anderson symptom inventory (MDASI) - This is a self-administered flexible system for assessment of symptoms experienced by subjects with cancer. It consists of two parts. The first part has 13 core symptom items: pain, fatigue, nausea, disturbed sleep, distress (emotional), shortness of breath, lack of appetite, dryness of mouth, sadness, vomiting, and numbness or tingling, which are rated on their presence and severity. The second part has six symptom interference items including general activity, mood, work, relationship with people, walking and enjoyment of life, that are rated based on the level of symptom interference with function. Scores on the MDASI have been shown to be predictive of survival. The items are measured on an 11-point scale (0 - 10), '0' meaning not present / did not interfere and '10' meaning, as bad as you can imagine / interfering completely. [11]
- Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) - This is a brief self-administered scale, which has been specifically designed for use in patients with co-morbid physical illness. It consists of 14 items, seven each recording depression and anxiety. Each item has four possible choices scoring from '0' to '3'. The depression subscale has been constructed in such a way as to largely exclude somatic symptoms. This subscale consists of items that predominantly screen for anhedonia, which is considered a symptom characteristic of the endogenous subtype of depression. [12] Validation studies have established a high internal consistency and reliable factor structure. The scale has been validated in the Indian population in a study that used HADS to screen for depression and anxiety. [13] They also established sensitivity and specificity for various cut-off scores. The study suggested that the best cut-off values for the Indian population are '8' and '7' for depression and anxiety, respectively. A cut-off score of '8'on a depression subscale has a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 76%, respectively, for a diagnosis of depression.
- Functional assessment of cancer therapy - Palliative Care (FACT-pal) - FACT - pal is an extension of the original scale FACT - General. The FACT-G (Version 4) is a 27-item compilation of general questions divided into four primary QOL domains: Physical Well-Being (PWB; seven items), which comprises of reports of physical symptoms, Social / Family Well-Being (SFWB; seven items), which has questions assessing social support and communication, Emotional Well-Being (EWB; six items) measures mood and emotional responses to illness; and Functional Well Being (FWB; seven items) assesses the degree to which the respondent can participate in and enjoy normal daily activities. FACT-pal has 19 additional items specific for palliative care patients. Both the total and individual scores have good internal consistency (a = 0.72 - 0.85) and reliability. [14],[15]
- Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being (FACIT-sp) - [16],[17] This is a 12-item instrument with two subscales, one measuring sense of meaning and peace (10 items) and the other assessing the role of faith in illness (two items). A total score of spiritual well-being is obtained from the sum of both subscales. The responses for each item use a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from '0' (not at all) to '4' (very much). All FACIT scales are scored, so a high score is good. To achieve this, the authors suggest reversing the response scores on negatively-phrased questions and then summing the item responses. In cases where individual questions are skipped, scores are prorated using the average of the other answers in the scale.
All subjects who consented were interviewed. Their sociodemographic and clinical details were collected, and they were assessed for pain and symptom distress using VAS and MDASI, depression and anxiety using HADS, spirituality using FACT-sp, and QOL using FACT-G and FACT-pal. For those who experienced difficulty in reading, the questions were read out and the responses were noted.
Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and clinical details of the subjects. Computation of the mean scores on pain, distress, depression, spirituality, and QOL scales was done. The independent sample 't' test was performed for comparison of continuous variables. Correlations between scores on pain, symptoms of distress, depression, spirituality and QOL, and demographic and clinical variables were assessed using the Pearson's correlation.
| » Results | | |
Around 76 patients were approached for recruitment, for the study. Out of them, five patients had co-morbid neurological conditions. One patient had a past history of depression pre-morbidly and was on treatment for the same. Twenty patients did not consent to participate in the study. Overall, 26 patients were excluded as per the study protocol. The remaining 50 were included in the sample. The distribution of different types of cancers in the sample was as follows: oropharyngeal cancers - 11 (22%), gynecological cancers including cervix, endometrium, and ovary - 11 (22%), lung cancer - 6 (12%), breast cancer - 6 (12%), stomach cancer - 5 (10%), and others - 11 (22%).
The age range of the subjects was 17 to 64 years (mean = 49.74, SD = 10.17). More than half (56 %) of the subjects were women. Male and female patients did not differ significantly except in terms of socioeconomic status, with more males coming from a middle and women coming from a lower socioeconomic background (c2 = 13.99, p = 0.001). At the time of interview 50% of the subjects were living with their spouses and the remaining 50% were single.
The mean spiritual well being (SpWB) score was found to be 24.48. The range of the SpWB score was from 4 to 48. Eight subjects had a score of less than 10. The mean spiritual score of the sample was just above 50%. This indicates that the sample was normally distributed.
Depression (r = -0.862, P = 0.000) and anxiety (r = -0.0645, P = 0.000) correlated negatively with SpWB.
The SpWB scores were negatively correlated with fatigue (r = -0.423, P = 0.002), distress (r = -0.717, P < 0.001), memory disturbance (r = -0.520, P < 0.001), loss of appetite (r = -0.399, P = 0.004), drowsiness (r = -0.400, P = 0.004), dry mouth (r = -0.381, P = 0.006) and sadness (r = -0.720, P < 0.001) [Table 1]. | Table 1 :Correlation between symptoms of distress and spiritual well being
Click here to view |
Spiritual well-being correlated negatively with mood (r = -0.630, P < 0.001), work (r = -0.376, P < 0.001), relationships (r = -0.624, P < 0.001), and enjoyment of life (r = -0.681, P < 0.001), variables of the symptom interference subscale of MDASI, which were statistically significant [Table 2]. | Table 2 :Correlation between symptom interferences and spiritual well being
Click here to view |
Spiritual well-being positively correlated with all the other aspects of QOL measures. The values are described in [Table 3].
| » Discussion | | |
The mean score of SpWB in this sample was 24.48 (more than 50 %), suggesting that the sample was normally distributed. This could be due to the traditional and spiritual lifestyle of the patients, as has been reported for Indian subjects. [18],[19] Spiritual coping methods have been reported for patients with head and neck cancers in the Indian setting. [8]
For SpWB, the statistically significant correlates include depression and anxiety, all the other five domains of QOL, fatigue, distress and sadness, mood, work, relationship with others, and enjoyment of life. This indicates how SpWB is closely correlated with both physical and psychological indicators of distress. Although the study may not be adequately representative of the community sample, it gives a fair idea about SpWB, and of advanced cancer patients in a palliative care center. It would have been ideal if the assessments were done at the time of admission, during the hospital stay, and during discharge. The current study gives an overview of the quality of life of advanced cancer patients in a hospice. Another issue in the current study is that it included samples with all types of cancer. Once the grade of cancer becomes advanced, it comes under palliative care and there is not much additional information that can be obtained from individual subtypes of cancer patients. Other studies that have looked at palliative cancer population in such a way are by Plumb and Holland et al. and Bukberg and Holland et al.[21],[22]
The study was done in a hospice where all the patients were in an advanced stage of illness. There were a very few such systematic studies done from Hospices in India on this population. Assessment of spirituality as a determinant of the quality of life had been done systematically. The study assessed all the common symptoms of distress including the physical, emotional, and cognitive domains together, and it also assessed how much these symptoms had interfered in the patient's functional status and correlated with the spiritual well being. All the basic domains of the quality of life and palliative care well-being assessed were also correlated with spirituality.
the study gives interesting findings, the cross-sectional design of the study does not allow us to draw any definite conclusions regarding their long-term implications. By definition the symptoms are subjective, so there will be inherent limitations like scoring being influenced by various other factors like the state of mind, environmental influences, and so on. There is no control group for the study group, which is also a drawback of the study. Personality and coping strategies have not been adequately assessed and it is difficult to say if these may have contributed to the patients' perception of their symptoms
In conclusion, spirituality needs to be formally assessed and integrated into the management of patients with advanced cancers and those undergoing palliative care. The attitude of 'therapeutic nihilism' among physicians needs to be changed, and active help should be provided in improving the QOL of the patients that in turn will ease the inevitable process of dying. A longitudinal study from diagnosis onward, although difficult, will provide a clearer picture of the pattern and prevalence of symptoms and their correlation with the spiritual QOL.
| » References | | |
| 1. | Hermann C. A guide to the spiritual needs of elderly cancer patients. Geriatric Nurs 2000;21:324-5. 
|
| 2. | Fernsler JI, Klemm P, Miller MA. Spiritual well-being and demands of illness in people with colorectal cancer. Cancer Nurs 1999;22:34-40.
|
| 3. | Hills J, Paice JA, Cameron JR, Shott S. Spirituality and distress in palliative care consultation. J Palliat Med 2005;8:782.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 4. | Silverstri GA, Knittig S, Zoller JS, Nietert PJ. Importance of faith on medical decisions regarding cancer care. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1379-82.
|
| 5. | Fisch MJ, Titzer ML, Kristeller JL. Assessment of quality of life in outpatients with advanced cancer: the accuracy of clinician estimations and the relevance of spiritual well-being-a Hoosier Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:2754-9.
|
| 6. | McClain CS, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W. Effects of Spiritual wellbeing on end-of-life despair in terminally ill cancer patients. Lancet 2003;361:1603-7.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 7. | Moadel A, Morgan C, Fatone A, Grennan J, Carter J, Laruffa G, et al. Seeking meaning and hope: Self-reported spiritual and existential needs among an ethnically-diverse cancer patient population. Psychooncology 1999;8:378-85.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 8. | Chaturvedi SK, Shenoy A, Prasad KM, Senthilnathan SM, Premlatha BS. Concerns, Coping and Quality of life in head and neck Cancer Patients. Support Care Cancer 1996;4:186-90.
[PUBMED] |
| 9. | Aitken RC. Measurement of feelings using visual analogue scales. Proc R Soc Med 1969;62:989-93.
|
| 10. | Joyce CR, Zutshi DW, Hrubes V, Mason RM. Comparison of fixed interval and visual analogue scales for rating chronic pain. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975;8:415-20.
|
| 11. | Cleeland CS, Mendoza TR, Wang XS, Chou C, Harle MT, Morrissey M, et al. Assessing symptom distress in cancer patients. Cancer 2000;89:1634-46.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 12. | Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiat Scand 1983;67:361-70.
[PUBMED] |
| 13. | Chaturvedi SK, Chandra PS, Channabasavanna SM, Beena MB, Pandian RD. Detection of depression and anxiety in cancer patients. NIMHANS J 1994;12:141-4.
|
| 14. | Celia DF, Tulsky DS, Gray G. The functional assessment of cancer therapy scale: development and validation of the general measure. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:570-9.
|
| 15. | Greisinger AJ, Weitzner MA, Lorimor RJ, Aday LA, Cella DF, Amato RJ, et al. Development of a quality of life module for end-stage cancer patients. Proc ASCO 1995;14:501.
|
| 16. | Peterman AH, Fitchett G, Brady MJ, Hernandez L, Cella D. Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer: the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being Scale (FACIT-Sp). Ann Behav Med 2002;24:49-58.
[PUBMED] |
| 17. | Brady MJ, Peterman AH, Fitchett G, Cella D. The expanded version of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-Ex): Initial report of psychometric properties. Ann Behav Med 1999;21:129.
|
| 18. | Chaturvedi SK. Spirituality issues at end of life. Indian J Palliat Care 2007; 13:48-52.
 |
| 19. | Chaturvedi SK. Ethical Dilemmas in Palliative Care in a Traditional Developing Society, with special reference to Indian setting. J Med Ethics 2008;34:611-5.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 20. | Nelson CJ, Rosenfeld B, Breitbart W, Galietta M. Spirituality, religion and depression in the terminally ill. Psychosomatics 2002;43:213-20.
|
| 21. | Plumb M, Holland J. Comparative studies of psychological function in patients with advanced cancer. II. Interviewer-rated current and past psychological symptoms. Psychosom Med 1981;43:243-54.
|
| 22. | Bukberg J, Penman D, Holland JC. Depression in hospitalized cancer patients. Psychosom Med 1984;46:199-217.
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Nursing interventions in palliative care in the intensive care unit: A systematic review |
|
| M.C.R. Araujo, D.A. da Silva, A.M.M.M. Wilson | | Enfermería Intensiva. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Temperament, Character Traits and Alexithymia in Patients with Asthma; A University Hospital Sample |
|
| Eda ASLAN, Fatih SAGLAM, Sibel NAYCI | | Mersin Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tip Tarihi ve Folklorik Tip Dergisi. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Perception of spiritual care among palliative care nurses: cross-sectional study in eastern Turkey |
|
| Zeliha Cengiz, Dilek Olmaz, Mensure Turan | | International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2021; 27(5): 235 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Finding Meaning in Life After a Cancer Diagnosis: What Is the Role of Financial Strain? |
|
| Sarah Alonzi, Laura M. Perry, Michael Hoerger | | Illness, Crisis & Loss. 2021; : 1054137321 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Spirituality and quality of life in women with breast cancer: The role of hope and educational attainment |
|
| Saeed Pahlevan Sharif, Rebecca H. Lehto, Mohammadreza Amiri, Ashraf Sadat Ahadzadeh, Hamid Sharif Nia, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani, Amir Hossein Goudarzian | | Palliative and Supportive Care. 2021; 19(1): 55 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Relationship between spirituality and depression among patients with malignant cancer at a selected tertiary care Institute - A study from North India |
|
| Hoineiting Rebecca Haokip, Himani Chauhan, Ishparshi Rawat, Jyoti Mehra, Jyoti Jyoti, Kanica Sharma, Kavita Sachan, Kirandeep Kaur, Malini Krishal, Amali Mery, Dinesh K., Sharma, Belsiyal C., Xavier | | Journal of Psychosocial Oncology. 2021; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Gender Differences in Psychosocial, Religious, and Spiritual Aspects in Coping: A Cross-Sectional Study with Cancer Patients |
|
| Anahita Rassoulian, Alexander Gaiger, Henriette Loeffler-Stastka | | Women's Health Reports. 2021; 2(1): 464 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Spiritual Well-Being and Associated Factors in Dutch Patients With Advanced Cancer |
|
| Annelieke Damen, Natasja J.H. Raijmakers, Janneke van Roij, Anja Visser, Marieke van den Beuken-Everdingen, Eveline Kuip, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven, Lobke van Leeuwen-Snoeks, Annemieke van der Padt-Pruijsten, Tineke J. Smilde, Carlo Leget, George Fitchett | | Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
Quality of life of cancer patients at palliative care units in developing countries: systematic review of the published literature |
|
| Dwi Gayatri, Ljupcho Efremov, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt, Rafael Mikolajczyk | | Quality of Life Research. 2021; 30(2): 315 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
Longitudinal changes in spiritual well-being and associations with emotional distress, pain, and optimism–pessimism: a prospective observational study of terminal cancer patients admitted to a palliative care unit |
|
| Yilong Yang, Xinxin Zhao, Meng Cui, Simeng Wang, Yumei Wang | | Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021; 29(12): 7703 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Demonstrating the importance of cultural considerations at end of life utilizing the perspective of Indian patients with cancer |
|
| Mahati Chittem, Jaklin Eliott, Ian Olver | | Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021; : 84 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
Spiritual Well-Being for Croatian Cancer Patients: Validation and Applicability of the Croatian Version of the EORTC QLQ-SWB32 |
|
| Ivana Dabo, Iva Skocilic, Bella Vivat, Ingrid Belac-Lovasic, Iva Sorta-Bilajac Turina | | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(22): 11920 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
Kemoterapi ve Radyoterapi Alan Kanserli Bireylerde Yorgunluk ve Spiritüel Iyilik Hali: Tanimlayici-Korelasyonel Bir Çalisma |
|
| Nur IZGU, Zehra GÖK METIN | | Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Beyond numbers – Recent understanding of emotional needs of persons diagnosed with cancer 2007–2018 |
|
| Annie Alexander, K Sreenath, RSrinivasa Murthy | | Indian Journal of Palliative Care. 2020; 26(1): 120 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
Responding to the Spiritual Needs of Palliative Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Effectiveness of the Kibo Therapeutic Interview |
|
| Ana Soto-Rubio, Marian Perez-Marin, David Rudilla, Laura Galiana, Amparo Oliver, Miguel Fombuena, Pilar Barreto | | Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11: 171 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 16 |
The influence of spirituality on decision-making in palliative care outpatients: a cross-sectional study |
|
| Francisca Rego, Florbela Gonçalves, Susana Moutinho, Luísa Castro, Rui Nunes | | BMC Palliative Care. 2020; 19(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 17 |
Depression, anxiety and spirituality in oncology patients |
|
| Karine Corcione Turke, Juliana Seidler Canonaco, Thiago Artioli, Marina Sabin de Souza Lima, Amanda Ribeiro Batlle, Fernanda Cordeiro Pimentel de Oliveira, Daniel de Iracema Gomes Cubero, Claudia Vaz de Melo Sette, Auro del Giglio | | Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2020; 66(7): 960 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 18 |
Examining the Relationships Between Gratitude and Spiritual and Religious Identification Among Collegiate Athletes |
|
| Nicole T. Gabana,Aaron D’Addario,Matteo Luzzeri,Stinne Soendergaard,Y. Joel Wong | | Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2019; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 19 |
Interprofessional spiritual care in oncology: a literature review |
|
| Christina M Puchalski,Andrea Sbrana,Betty Ferrell,Najmeh Jafari,Stephen King,Tracy Balboni,Guido Miccinesi,Anna Vandenhoeck,Michael Silbermann,Lodovico Balducci,Julianna Yong,Andrea Antonuzzo,Alfredo Falcone,Carla Ida Ripamonti | | ESMO Open. 2019; 4(1): e000465 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 20 |
Education Moderates the Relationship Between Spirituality with Quality of Life and Stress Among Malay Muslim Women with Breast Cancer |
|
| Saeed Pahlevan Sharif,Fon Sim Ong | | Journal of Religion and Health. 2019; 58(4): 1060 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 21 |
Assessment of Pain, Acceptance of Illness, Adjustment to Life, and Strategies of Coping with Illness among Patients with Gastric Cancer |
|
| Urszula Religioni,Aleksandra Czerw,Anna M. Badowska-Kozakiewicz,Andrzej Deptala | | Journal of Cancer Education. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 22 |
Understanding the Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Depression in Chronic Pain Patients: The Mediating Role of Pain Catastrophizing |
|
| Maryam Shaygan,Laila Shayegan | | Pain Management Nursing. 2019; 20(4): 358 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 23 |
Patient Perspectives about Spirituality and Spiritual Care |
|
| Margaret I Fitch, Ruth Bartlett | | Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2019; 6(2): 111 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 24 |
Cancer pain, anxiety, and depression in admitted patients at a tertiary care hospital: A prospective observational study |
|
| Anshika Arora,SunilK Saini,Vipul Nautiyal,SK Verma,Meenu Gupta,BP Kalra,Mushtaq Ahmad | | Indian Journal of Palliative Care. 2019; 25(4): 562 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 25 |
The Potential Role of Psychosocial Rehabilitation in Palliative Care |
|
| AL Almada, P Casquinha, V Cotovio, MJ Heitor dos Santos, A Caixeiro | | Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. 2018; 48(4): 311 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 26 |
Relationship Between Spiritual Health, Hopelessness, and Self-Efficacy in Medical Sciences Students |
|
| Maryam Hasanshahi,Maryam Amidi Mazaheri,Abdolvahhab Baghbanian | | Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2018; 12(2) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 27 |
A Non-randomized Controlled Trial of EMDR on Affective Symptoms in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme |
|
| Monika Szpringer,Marzena Oledzka,Benedikt L. Amann | | Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 28 |
Serotonergic hallucinogens in the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients suffering from a life-threatening disease: A systematic review |
|
| Simon Reiche,Leo Hermle,Stefan Gutwinski,Henrik Jungaberle,Peter Gasser,Tomislav Majic | | Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 2018; 81: 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 29 |
Evaluating the impact of spirituality on the quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with cancer: an observational transversal study |
|
| Emile Abou Chaar,Souheil Hallit,Aline Hajj,Racha Aaraj,Joseph Kattan,Hicham Jabbour,Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz | | Supportive Care in Cancer. 2018; 26(8): 2581 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 30 |
The Effect of Spiritual Self-care Training on the Quality of Life of Mothers of Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
|
| Zohreh Sekhavatpour,Tayebe Reyhani,Mohammad Heidarzade,Seied Mehdi Moosavi,Seied Reza Mazlom,Maryam Dastoorpoor,Mansoure Karimollahi,Narges Khanjani | | Journal of Religion and Health. 2018; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 31 |
Health Locus of Control, Psychosocial/Spiritual Well-Being and Death Anxiety among Advanced-Stage Cancer Patients |
|
| Pragya Shukla,Parul Rishi | | Psychological Studies. 2018; 63(2): 200 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 32 |
Spirituality and Meditative Practice: Research Opportunities and Challenges |
|
| Jean L. Kristeller,Kevin D. Jordan | | Psychological Studies. 2018; 63(2): 130 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 33 |
Religion, spirituality & chronic illness: A scoping review and implications for health care practitioners |
|
| Kerstin Stieber Roger,Andrew Hatala | | Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought. 2018; 37(1): 24 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 34 |
Intervenciones psicológicas en espiritualidad en cuidados paliativos: una revisión sistemática |
|
| David Rudilla,Ana Soto,María Antonia Pérez,Laura Galiana,Miguel Fombuena,Amparo Oliver,Pilar Barreto | | Medicina Paliativa. 2018; 25(3): 203 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 35 |
Spirituality and Quality of Life in Black Patients With Cancer Pain |
|
| Jinbing Bai,Andrea Brubaker,Salimah H. Meghani,Deborah W. Bruner,Katherine A. Yeager | | Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2018; 56(3): 390 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 36 |
Quality-of-life and spirituality |
|
| Raquel Gehrke Panzini,Bruno Paz Mosqueiro,Rogério R. Zimpel,Denise Ruschel Bandeira,Neusa S. Rocha,Marcelo P. Fleck | | International Review of Psychiatry. 2017; 29(3): 263 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 37 |
Religious Characteristics, Spirituality, and Depressive Symptoms Among 10th- to 12th-Graders Living in a Buddhist or Daoist Culture: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study |
|
| Hao-Jan Yang,Chien-Lin Mao,Chia-Yi Wei,Sheng-Shiung Huang | | The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2017; 27(1): 14 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 38 |
Psychometric testing of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale–Mandarin version in Taiwanese cancer patients |
|
| Woung-Ru Tang,Chen-Yi Kao | | Palliative and Supportive Care. 2017; 15(3): 336 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 39 |
Spiritual well-being and quality of life among Icelanders receiving palliative care: data from Icelandic pilot-testing of a provisional measure of spiritual well-being from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer |
|
| G.H. Asgeirsdottir,V. Sigurdardottir,S. Gunnarsdottir,E. Sigurbjörnsson,R. Traustadottir,E. Kelly,T. Young,B. Vivat | | European Journal of Cancer Care. 2017; 26(2): e12394 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 40 |
Prevalence and Nature of Spiritual Distress Among Palliative Care Patients in India |
|
| Joris Gielen,Sushma Bhatnagar,Santosh K. Chaturvedi | | Journal of Religion and Health. 2017; 56(2): 530 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 41 |
Spiritual Factors Predict State and Trait Anxiety |
|
| Lisa M. Steiner,Sarah Zaske,Sabrina Durand,Melanie Molloy,Rosana Arteta | | Journal of Religion and Health. 2017; 56(6): 1937 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 42 |
A New Questionnaire (QRFPC25) Regarding the Religiosity and Spirituality in People with Life-Threatening Disease: Reliability and Validity in a Population of Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy |
|
| Vassilis Kouloulias,John Kokakis,Nikolaos Kelekis,John Kouvaris | | Journal of Religion and Health. 2017; 56(4): 1137 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 43 |
The Relationship Between Spirituality and Quality of Life of Jordanian Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer |
|
| Ahlam Al-Natour,Sharaf Mohammed Al Momani,Abeer M. A. Qandil | | Journal of Religion and Health. 2017; 56(6): 2096 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 44 |
Spirituality in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer |
|
| Sharon B. McNeil | | Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 2016; 33(1): 55 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 45 |
Spirituality in patients with advanced illness: The role of symptom control, resilience and social network |
|
| Miguel Fombuena,Laura Galiana,Pilar Barreto,Amparo Oliver,Antonio Pascual,Ana Soto-Rubio | | Journal of Health Psychology. 2016; 21(12): 2765 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 46 |
Spirituality as an ethical challenge in Indian palliative care: A systematic review |
|
| Joris Gielen,Sushma Bhatnagar,Santosh K. Chaturvedi | | Palliative and Supportive Care. 2016; 14(5): 561 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 47 |
A Qualitative Analysis of a Healthcare Professionalæs Understanding and Approach to Management of Spiritual Distress in an Acute Care Setting |
|
| Debbie Selby,Dori Seccaraccia,Jim Huth,Kristin Kurrpa,Margaret Fitch | | Journal of Palliative Medicine. 2016; 19(11): 1197 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 48 |
Cuidados paliativos e espiritualidade: revisao integrativa da literatura |
|
| Carla Braz Evangelista,Maria Emilia Limeira Lopes,Solange Fatima Geraldo da Costa,Patricia Serpa de Souza Batista,Jaqueline Brito Vidal Batista,Amanda Maritsa de Magalhães Oliveira | | Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem. 2016; 69(3): 591 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 49 |
Relationship between Spiritual Health and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer |
|
| Rafat Mohebbifar,Amir H Pakpour,Azin Nahvijou,Atefeh Sadeghi | | Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2015; 16(16): 7321 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 50 |
The lung cancer patient, the pneumologist and palliative care: a developing alliance |
|
| Torsten Blum,Nicolas Schönfeld | | European Respiratory Journal. 2015; 45(1): 211 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 51 |
Effects of rehabilitation among patients with advances cancer: a systemetic review |
|
| Minna R. J. Salakari,Tiina Surakka,Raija Nurminen,Liisa Pylkkänen | | Acta Oncologica. 2015; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 52 |
The prevalence and correlates of symptom distress and quality of life in Chinese oesophageal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy after radical oesophagectomy |
|
| Xiao-Dan Wu,Hui-Ying Qin,Jun-E Zhang,Mei-Chun Zheng,Ming-Zhu Xin,Li Liu,Xiao-Jun Wu,Chao-Nan Jiang,Mei-Fen Zhang | | European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2015; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 53 |
Espiritualidad en atención paliativa: Evidencias sobre la intervención con counselling |
|
| David Rudilla,Amparo Oliver,Laura Galiana,Pilar Barreto | | Psychosocial Intervention. 2015; 24(2): 79 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 54 |
How Are the Patient Populations Characterized in Studies Investigating Depression in Advanced Cancer? Results From a Systematic Literature Review |
|
| Elene Janberidze,Marianne Jensen Hjermstad,Dagny Faksvåg Haugen,Katrin Ruth Sigurdardottir,Erik Torbjørn Løhre,Hanne Cathrine Lie,Jon Håvard Loge,Stein Kaasa,Anne Kari Knudsen | | Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 55 |
Spiritual well-being among outpatients with cancer receiving concurrent oncologic and palliative care |
|
| Michael W. Rabow,Sarah J. Knish | | Supportive Care in Cancer. 2014; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 56 |
Importance of Spiritual Care for Cardiac Patients Admitted to Coronary Care Units in the Gaza Strip |
|
| Mysoon Khalil Abu-El-Noor,Nasser Ibrahim Abu-El-Noor | | Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2014; 32(2): 104 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 57 |
Out of the depths |
|
| Guðlaug Helga Ásgeirsdóttir,Einar Sigurbjörnsson,Ewan Kelly,Rannveig Traustadóttir,Sigríður Gunnarsdóttir,Valgerður Sigurðardóttir | | Studia Theologica - Nordic Journal of Theology. 2014; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 58 |
Association between Spiritual Well-Being and Pain, Anxiety and Depression in Terminal Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study |
|
| Yong Joo Lee,Chul-Min Kim,John A. Linton,Duk Chul Lee,Sang-Yeon Suh,Ah-Ram Seo,Hong-Yup Ahn | | The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care. 2013; 16(3): 175 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 59 |
Depression in Australian women: The varied roles of spirituality and social support |
|
| Kellie S Bennett,Julie M Shepherd | | Journal of Health Psychology. 2013; 18(3): 429 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 60 |
Barriers to the Detection and Management of Depression by Palliative Care Professional Carers Among Their Patients: Perspectives From Professional Carers and Patientsæ Family Members |
|
| David Mellor,Marita P. McCabe,Tanya E. Davison,Denisa L. Goldhammer,David J. Hallford | | American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine®. 2013; 30(1): 12 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 61 |
Spiritual beliefs near the end of life: a prospective cohort study of people with cancer receiving palliative care |
|
| Michael King,Henry Llewellyn,Baptiste Leurent,Faye Owen,Gerard Leavey,Adrian Tookman,Louise Jones | | Psycho-Oncology. 2013; 22(11): 2505 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 62 |
Menopausal Symptoms: Is Spirituality Associated with the Severity of Symptoms? |
|
| Filipa Pimenta,João Maroco,Catarina Ramos,Isabel Leal | | Journal of Religion and Health. 2013; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 63 |
Development of an oral assessment tool to evaluate appetite in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy |
|
| Ogama, N. and Ogama, N. | | European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2013; 17(4): 474-481 | | [Pubmed] | | | 64 |
Depression in Australian women: The varied roles of spirituality and social support |
|
| Bennett, K.S. and Shepherd, J.M. | | Journal of Health Psychology. 2013; 18(3): 429-438 | | [Pubmed] | | | 65 |
Barriers to the Detection and Management of Depression by Palliative Care Professional Carers Among Their Patients: Perspectives From Professional Carers and Patientsæ Family Members |
|
| Mellor, D. and McCabe, M.P. and Davison, T.E. and Goldhammer, D.L. and Hallford, D.J. | | American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. 2013; 30(1): 12-20 | | [Pubmed] | | | 66 |
Bienestar emocional y espiritualidad al final de la vida |
|
| Pilar Barreto,Miguel Fombuena,Rebeca Diego,Laura Galiana,Amparo Oliver,Enric Benito | | Medicina Paliativa. 2013; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 67 |
Development of an oral assessment tool to evaluate appetite in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy |
|
| Norimasa Ogama,Nobumasa Ogama | | European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2013; 17(4): 474 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 68 |
Depression and Predictors in Taiwanese Survivors with Oral Cancer |
|
| Shu-Ching Chen,Bing-Shen Huang,Chien-Yu Lin | | Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2013; 14(8): 4571 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 69 |
Suicide: An Indian perspective |
|
| Rajiv Radhakrishnan, Chittaranjan Andrade | | Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012; 54(4): 304 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 70 |
The emperoræs new clothes: Spirituality a concept based on questionable ontology and circular findings |
|
| Salander, P. | | Archive for the Psychology of Religion. 2012; 34(1): 17-32 | | [Pubmed] | | | 71 |
Prospective associations between emotional distress and poor outcomes in type 2 diabetes |
|
| Aikens, J.E. | | Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(12): 2472-2478 | | [Pubmed] | | | 72 |
A Critical Review of a Spirituality Intervention |
|
| Tuck, I. | | Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2012; 34(6): 712-735 | | [Pubmed] | | | 73 |
Suicide: An Indian perspective |
|
| Radhakrishnan, R. and Andrade, C. | | Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012; 54(4): 304-319 | | [Pubmed] | | | 74 |
Psychosocial and spiritual problems of terminally ill patients in Kerala, India |
|
| Elsner, F. and Schmidt, J. and Rajagopal, M.R. and Radbruch, L. and Pestinger, M. | | Future Oncology. 2012; 8(9): 1183-1191 | | [Pubmed] | | | 75 |
As if the cancer wasnæt enough ...: A case study of depression in terminal illness |
|
| Knopf, K. and Head, B. | | Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing. 2012; 14(5): 319-329 | | [Pubmed] | | | 76 |
Depression in palliative care settings: The need for training for nurses and other health professionals to improve patientsæ pathways to care |
|
| Hallford, D.J. and McCabe, M.P. and Mellor, D. and Davison, T.E. and Goldhammer, D.L. | | Nurse Education Today. 2012; 32(5): 556-560 | | [Pubmed] | | | 77 |
Evaluation of a training program to assist care staff to better recognize and manage depression among palliative care patients and their families |
|
| McCabe, M.P. and Goldhammer, D. and Mellor, D. and Hallford, D. and Davison, T. | | Journal of Palliative Care. 2012; 28(2): 75-82 | | [Pubmed] | | | 78 |
Psychiatric oncology: Cancer in mind |
|
| Chaturvedi, S.K. | | Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2012; 54(2): 111-118 | | [Pubmed] | | | 79 |
Psychosocial and spiritual problems of terminally ill patients in Kerala, India |
|
| Frank Elsner,Johanna Schmidt,MR Rajagopal,Lukas Radbruch,Martina Pestinger | | Future Oncology. 2012; 8(9): 1183 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 80 |
Prospective Associations Between Emotional Distress and Poor Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes |
|
| J. E. Aikens | | Diabetes Care. 2012; 35(12): 2472 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 81 |
Depression in palliative care settings: The need for training for nurses and other health professionals to improve patientsæ pathways to care |
|
| David J. Hallford,Marita P. McCabe,David Mellor,Tanya E. Davison,Denisa L. Goldhammer | | Nurse Education Today. 2012; 32(5): 556 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 82 |
“As If the Cancer Wasn’t Enough …” |
|
| Kerstin Knopf,Barbara Head | | Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing. 2012; 14(5): 319 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 83 |
The Emperoræs New Clothes: Spirituality. A Concept Based on Questionable Ontology and Circular Findings |
|
| Pär Salander | | Archive for the Psychology of Religion. 2012; 34(1): 17 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 84 |
A Critical Review of a Spirituality Intervention |
|
| Inez Tuck | | Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2012; 34(6): 712 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 85 |
Evaluation of A Training Program to Assist Care Staff to Better Recognize and Manage Depression among Palliative Care Patients and Their Families |
|
| Marita P. McCabe,Denisa Goldhammer,David Mellor,David Hallford,Tanya Davison | | Journal of Palliative Care. 2012; 28(2): 75 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 86 |
Contribution of spirituality to quality of life in patients with residual schizophrenia |
|
| Shah, R., Kulhara, P., Grover, S., Kumar, S., Malhotra, R., Tyagi, S. | | Psychiatry Research. 2011; 190(2-3): 200-205 | | [Pubmed] | | | 87 |
Contribution of spirituality to quality of life in patients with residual schizophrenia |
|
| Ruchita Shah,Parmanand Kulhara,Sandeep Grover,Suresh Kumar,Rama Malhotra,Shikha Tyagi | | Psychiatry Research. 2011; 190(2-3): 200 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
